| The
monument, Sri SangameshwaraTemple, but with softest
stone chloride schist, was in a dilapidated condition
due to heavy growth of vegetation over the monument,
leakage of rain-water from the roof and negligence
shown in maintaining the temple for a Long period
of time. In fact some of the portions of the temple
had fallen down, the outer veneering stones of
the walls had bulged in many places and some of
the architectural members had developed cracks
and some had broken to pieces.
The methodology adopted in conserving
the stone temple Sri Sangameshwara Temple is according
to the time tested Principle of Conservation of
ancient monuments in India. According to the principles,
as a first step the area around the monument should
be brought to its original working level by systematically
removing the debris around it. The same was done
in this monument. The result was rewarding, because
the beautiful platform (jagati), which was buried
under the debris, rising to a height of nearly
1.5 meters was exposed. While clearing the debris,
many important architectural members were unearthed.
They were identified and stacked properly for
using them in the restoration of the fallen portions
of the temple.
Fortunately it was found that
the foundation of the temple had not failed, but
had been disturbed in several places due to vegetation
growth. There was no sign of settlement in the
adhisthana or the base of the temple. But it was
necessary to strengthen the foundation, where
there was disturbance, as a precautionary measure.
By adopting the under pinning method, the disturbed
portions of the foundation was strengthened by
providing three courses of chloride schist blocks,
as per the original foundation. The jagati or
platform was infested with vegetation growth,
and the roots had penetrated deep into the joints
of the masonry. Therefore, the joints were raked
thoroughly with suitable wires to remove the roots
after clearing the vegetation growth. Then the
joints were washed with clean water. The joints
were then grouted and were closed by recess pointing.
The disturbed portion of the jagati were reset
as per the original.
After conserving and restoring
the jagati, the Adhisthana or base of the temple
was taken up for conservation. The disturbed and
dislodged portions of the adhisthana were brought
to original condition by resetting and fixing
the disturbed and dislodged architectural members
in their original portions. Then the joints in
the masonry were recess pointed. The bulged portions
of the outer veneering stones of the walls were
dismantled and it was found that the roots of
the vegetation growth had played havoc with the
core which was made up of fine soil, between the
outer and inner veneering of the wall. The filled
up core was removed and the roots that had penetrated
into the masonry of the inner veneering were thoroughly
removed. Then the outer veneering was rebuilt
as per the original and the gap between the outer
and the inner veneering was filled with mortar
as core, with a view of preventing the growth
of vegetation in future.
It is interesting to know that
the temple has a ceiling which can be called as
double roof/system. In this system there are two
roofs, one above the other with a gap of nearly
one meter between them. This system not only solves
the problem of leakage of rainwater but also keep
the interior cool in the summer. As there was
leakage in the ceiling, the upper roof was dismantled.
Then the lower roof was cleaned and the joints
in the slabs repointed. The whole roof was made
watertight and proper arrangement was made for
the easy flow of rainwater through outlets, if
there would be leakage in the upper roof in future.
The upper roof was reset as per the original and
the joints in the roof slabs were pointed. The
outlets which had been blocked with mud and vegetation,
were cleaned and reconditioned. Then the whole
roof was water tightened. Then the hara (parapet)
portion, which had been dismantled for the conservation
of walls and roof, was reset with the same architectural
members as per the original.
Fortunately, the interior of
the temple was in a good condition. Even the walls
had no sign of any problem and they were in perfect
plumb. However, the pillars in the navaranga or
front ball were showing tendency to sink. But
the sinking had stopped and there was no immediate
danger to the structure. But as a precautionary
measure, the bases below the pillars were strengthened.
This was done without removing the pillars but
by lifting the pillars in situ. In addition, introducing
a concealed I-section girder, one of the beams
in the navaranga, which had developed cracks,
was strengthened.
The southern porch of the temple,
though showing disturbances was almost in good
condition. Therefore, it required only resetting
properly. The architectural members that had been
dislodged were reset in position, and thus reconditioned.
But the northern portion had suffered the maximum.
Some of the portions had fallen down and some
architectural members were either damaged or missing.
Fortunately many of the missing architectural
members could be retrieved from the debris. The
extant portion of the porch was dismantled up
to the adhisthana, and after reconditioning, the
adhisthana the pillars were reset in their proper
position. Then the beams were fixed in their position.
Before doing so, one of the beams, which had broken
into two pieces was mended with epoxy resin and
strengthened by providing concealed I-section
girder. Then using old slabs and the new ones
the roof of the porch was reset. Many of the architectural
members of the chajja and a capital of a pillar
were missing. The missing architectural members
were prepared, as per the original by the expert
sthapatis, who are proficient in carving stone
architectural members of the temple. They were
used in the missing places and the chajja was
reset as per the original. Likewise, the hara
portion was also reconstructed.
The roofs of the southern and
northern porches were re-laid with the original
stone slabs and were water tightened. Thus the
whole temple built in soft variety of stone, chloride
schist, was conserved, restored and strengthened
by adopting time tested conservation principles
and methods that are used in the conservation
of stone temples all over India. There is no doubt
that this beautiful temple of 12th century will
majestically stand for several decades if not
for centuries in future, heralding the achievement
of the architects of the ancient past.
|